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American Akita

American Akita

FCI standard Nº 344
Origin
 Japan, Development U.S.A.
Group
 Group 5 Spitz and primitive types
Section
 Section 5 Asian Spitz and related breeds
Working
 Without working trial
Acceptance on a definitive basis by the FCI
 Sunday 30 May 1999
Publication of the official valid standard
 Tuesday 06 January 2015
Last update
 Thursday 29 January 2015
En français, cette race se dit
 Akita américain
Diese Norm ist in deutscher Sprache sichtbar
 Americanischer Akita
En español, esta raza se dice
 Akita americano
In het Nederlands, wordt dit ras gezegd
 American Akita

Usage
Companion Dog.

Brief historical summary
In the beginning, the history of the American Akitas is similar to the history of Japanese Akitas. Since 1603, in the Akita region, Akita Matagis (medium-sized bear-hunting dogs) were used as fighting dogs. From 1868, Akita Matagis were crossbred with Tosas and Mastiffs. Consequently, the size of Akitas increased, but characteristics associated with Spitz type were lost. In 1908 dog fighting was prohibited, but Akitas were nevertheless preserved and improved as a large Japanese breed. As a result, nine superior examples of Akitas were designated as « Natural Monuments » in 1931.
During World War II (1939-1945), it was common to use dogs as a source of fur for military garments. The police ordered the capture and confiscation of all dogs other than German Shepherd Dogs used for military purposes. Some fanciers tried to circumvent the order by crossbreeding their dogs with German Shepherd Dogs. When World War II ended, Akitas had been drastically reduced in number and existed as three distinct types : 1) Matagi Akitas 2) Fighting Akitas 3) Shepherd Akitas. This created a very confusing situation in the breed. During the restoration process of the pure breed after the war, Kongo-go of the Dewa line enjoyed a temporary, but tremendous popularity. Many Akitas of the Dewa line, which exhibited characteristics of the Mastiff and German Shepherd influence, were brought back to the United States by members of the Military Forces.
The Akitas from the Dewa line, intelligent and capable of adapting to different environments, fascinated breeders in the United States and the line was developed with increasing number of breeders and a great rise in popularity.
The Akita Club of America was established in 1956 and the American Kennel Club (AKC) accepted the breed (inscription into the stud book and regular show status) in October 1972. However, at this time, the AKC and the JKC (Japan Kennel Club) did not have reciprocal agreements for recognizing each other’s pedigrees and therefore the door was closed for the introduction of the new bloodlines from Japan. Consequently, Akitas in the United States became considerably different from those in Japan, the country of origin. They developed as a type unique in the United States, with characteristics and type unchanged since 1955. This is in sharp contrast with Akitas in Japan which were crossbred with Matagi Akitas for the purpose of restoring the original pure breed.

General appearance
Large-sized dog, sturdily built, well balanced, with much substance and heavy bone. The broad head, forming a blut triangle, with deep muzzle, relatively small eyes and erect ears carried forward almost in line with back of neck, is characteristic of the breed.

Important proportions
• The ratio of height at withers to length of body is 9 to 10 in males and 9 to 11 in bitches.
• The depth of the chest measures one-half of the height of the dog at withers.
• The distance from tip of nose to stop corresponds to the distance from stop to occiput as 2 does to 3.

Behaviour / temperament
Friendly, alert, responsive, dignified, docile and courageous.

Head

Cranial region
Head
 Massive, but in balance with the body, free or wrinkles when at ease. Head forms a blunt triangle when viewed from above.
Skull
 Flat and broad between ears. A shallow furrow extends well up on forehead. 
Stop
 Well defined, but not too abrupt.

Facial region
Nose
 Broad and black. Slight and diffuse lack of pigment on nose is acceptable in white dogs only but black is always preferred.
Muzzle
 Broad, deep and full.
Lips
 Black. Not pendulous; tongue pink.
Jaws and teeth
 Jaws not rounded, but blunt, strong and powerful. Teeth strong with regular and full dentition (lack of PM1 and M3 allowed); scissor bite preferred, but level bite acceptable.
Eyes
 Dark brown, relatively small, not prominent, almost triangular in shape. Eye rims black and tight.
Ears
 Strongly erect and small in relation to the rest of the head. If the ear is folded forward for measuring length, tip will touch upper eye rim. Ears are triangular, slightly rounded at tip, wide at base, not set too low. Viewed from the side, the ears are angled forward over the eyes following the line of the neck.

Neck
Thick and muscular with minimal dewlap, comparatively short, widening gradually toward shoulders. A pronounced crest blends harmoniously into the base of skull.

Body
Body
 Longer than high.
Back
 Level.
Loin
 Firmly muscled.
Chest
 Wide and deep.
Ribs
 Ribs well sprung with well developed brisket.
Underline and belly
 Moderate tuck-up.

Tail
Large and well furnished with hair, set high and carried over back or against flank in a three-quarter, full, or double curl, always dipping to or below level of back. On a three-quarter curl, tip drops well down on flank. Root large and strong. The terminal bone of tail reaches hock when let or puled down. Hair coarse, straight and dense, with no appearance of a plume.

Limbs

Forequarters
Generality
 Forelegs heavy-boned and straight as viewed from front.
Shoulders
 Strong and powerful with moderate layback.
Pastern
 Slightly sloping forward in an angle of approximately 15° to the vertical.

Hindquarters
Generality
 Strongly muscled, width and bone comparable to forequarters. Dewclaws on hind legs customarily removed.
Upper thigh
 Strong, well developed, parallel when viewed from behind.
Stifle
 Moderately bent.
Hock
 Well let down, turning neither in nor out.

Feet
Straight, cat feet, well knuckled up with thick pads.

Gait and movement
Powerful, covering ground with moderate reach and drive. Hindlegs move in line with forelegs. Back remaining strong, firm and level.

Skin
Skin not too thin, neither too tight nor too loose.

Coat
Hair
 Double-coat. Undercoat thick, soft, dense and shorter than outer coat. Outer coat straight, harsh/stiff and standing somewhat off body. Hair on head, lower legs and ears short. Length of hair at withers and croup approximately 5 cm, which is slightly longer than on rest of body, except tail, where coat is longest and most profuse.
Colour
 Any colour like red, fawn, white, etc; or even pinto and brindle. Colours are brilliant and clear, and markings are well balanced, with or without mask or blaze. White dogs (solid in colour) have no mask. Pinto have a white ground colour with large, evenly placed patches covering head and more than one-third of body. Undercoat may have a different colour from the outer-coat.

Size and weight
Height at withers
 For males : 66 to 71 cm (26-28 inches), for bitches : 61 to 66 cm (24-26 inches).

Faults
• Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree and its effect upon the health and welfare of the dog and its ability to perform its traditional work.
• Faults listed should be in degree of seriousness.

General faults
 Feminine dogs, masculine bitches.
 Narrow or snipey head.
 Any missing tooth (except PM1 and M3).
 Blue or black spotted tongue.
 Light eyes.
 Short tail.
 In or out at elbows.
 Any indication of ruff or feathering.
 Shyness or viciousness.

Serious faults
 Light in substance.
 Light bone.

Disqualifying faults
 Aggressive or overly shy.
 Totally unpigmented nose.
 A nose with unpigmented areas (Butterfly nose).
 Drop, hanging or folded ears.
 Under or overshot bite.
 Sickle or uncurled tail.
 Dogs under 63,5 cm (25 inches), bitches under 58,5 cm (23 inches).

NB :
• Any dog clearly showing physical or behavioural abnormalities shall be disqualified.
• The above mentioned faults when occurring to a highly marked degree or frequently are disqualifying.
• Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fully descended into the scrotum.
• Only functionally and clinically healthy dogs, with breed typical conformation should be used for breeding.

Bibliography
http://www.fci.be/
Details
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