The advantage of ovariohysterectomy

Ovariohysterectomy is the surgical removal of the entire female reproductive system, including the uterus and ovaries. (The term “sterilization” applies to both sexes, and refers to both ovariohysterectomy in females and castration in males).

Female sterilization eliminates many of the problems associated with pregnancy. It remains the only safe and reliable method of limiting births in dogs and cats. Humane societies and shelters are overrun with abandoned animals, so ovariohysterectomy is a good way for responsible owners to avoid contributing to animal overpopulation.

Female sterilization eliminates the problems associated with the heat cycle. As a result, blood loss from bitches can last for two to three weeks during the heat period, leaving stains all over the house. The problem is compounded by the need to keep the bitch indoors, or keep a close eye on her when she goes outdoors, to avoid unwanted contact with males. In cats, the excessive complaints and behavior associated with heat are also avoided if the bitches are spayed or neutered. Bitches that are not bred can also show “false or nervous gestation”, behaving as if they were pregnant, with the whining, restlessness and lactation that follow.

Unspayed bitches are also at risk of developing life-threatening conditions later in life. For example, the risk of uterine infections is extremely high in older females. These infections are often dangerous, and in many cases the recommended treatment is removal of the uterus.

Spaying a bitch before she comes into heat also reduces the risk of mammary carcinoma (cancer of the mammary glands). Studies have shown that the risk of mammary carcinoma in bitches increases considerably after each heat period, until the animal is two years old. Spaying after this age has no real influence on the incidence of mammary carcinoma, but there are many other benefits to spaying and neutering. These are good reasons why your bitch doesn't need a litter or heat to “develop” her personality!

Some sterilization beliefs are myths. For example, spaying does not cause laziness or obesity, which is only a consequence of overeating and lack of exercise. Sterilization neither improves nor deteriorates an animal's personality or temperament.

Ovario-hysterectomy is a safe surgical procedure. Many owners put it off because they fear the consequences for their pet (such as complications related to anesthesia and surgery). Your veterinarian can help allay these fears.