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Boston Terrier |
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FCI standard Nº 140 |
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Origin |
U.S.A. | |
Group |
Group 9 Companion and Toy Dogs | |
Section |
Section 1.1 Small Molossian Dogs | |
Working |
Without working trial | |
Acceptance on a definitive basis by the FCI |
Saturday 29 January 1955 | |
Publication of the official valid standard |
Monday 28 January 2013 | |
Last update |
Tuesday 24 June 2014 | |
En français, cette race se dit |
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Terrier de Boston |
Diese Norm ist in deutscher Sprache sichtbar |
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Boston Terrier |
En español, esta raza se dice |
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Boston Terrier |
In het Nederlands, wordt dit ras gezegd |
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Boston Terrier |
Usage |
| Companion. |
General appearance |
| The Boston Terrier is a lively, highly intelligent, smooth coated, short-headed, compactly built, short-tailed, well balanced dog, brindle, seal or black in colour and evenly marked with white. The head is in proportion to the size of the dog and the expression indicates a high degree of intelligence. The body is rather short and well knit, the limbs strong and neatly turned, the tail is short and no feature is so prominent that the dog appears badly proportioned. The dog conveys an impression of determination, strength and activity, with style of a high order; carriage easy and graceful. A proportionate combination of « Colour and White Markings » is a particularly distinctive feature of a representative specimen. « Balance, Expression, Colour and White Markings » should be given particular consideration in determining the relative value of general appearance to other points. The clean-cut short backed body of the Boston Terrier coupled with the unique characteristics of his square head and jaw, and his striking markings have resulted in a most dapper and charming American original : The Boston Terrier. In a comparison of specimens of each sex, the only evident difference is a slight refinement in the bitch’s conformation. |
Important proportions |
| The length of leg must balance with the length of body to give the Boston Terrier its striking square appearance. The Boston Terrier is a sturdy dog and must not appear to be either spindly or coarse. The bone and muscle must be in proportion as well as an enhancement to the dog’s weight and structure. |
Behaviour / temperament |
| The Boston Terrier is a friendly and lively dog. The breed has an excellent disposition and a high degree of intelligence, which makes the Boston Terrier an incomparable companion. |
Head |
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Cranial region |
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Skull |
Square, flat on top, free from wrinkles; brow abrupt. | |
Stop |
Well defined. | |
Facial region |
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Nose |
Black and wide, with a well defined line between the nostrils. Well opened nostrils. | |
Muzzle |
Short, square, wide and deep and in proportion to the skull. It is free from wrinkles, shorter in length than in width or depth; not exceeding in length approximately one-third of the length of the skull. The muzzle from stop to end of the nose is parallel to the top of the skull. | |
Lips |
The chops are of good depth, but not pendulous, completely covering the teeth when the mouth is closed. | |
Jaws and teeth |
Jaws broad and square with short, regular teeth. The bite is even or sufficiently undershot to square the muzzle. | |
Cheeks |
Flat. | |
Eyes |
Wide apart, large, round and dark in colour. Set square in the skull and the outside corners are on a line with the cheeks as viewed from the front. Expression : Alert and kind, indicating a high degree of intelligence. This is a most important characteristic of the breed. | |
Ears |
Small, carried erect, either natural or cropped to conform to the shape of the head and situated as near to the corners of the skull as possible. | |
Neck |
| The length of the neck must display an image of balance to the total dog. It is slightly arched, carrying the head gracefully and setting neatly into the shoulders. |
Body |
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Body |
The body should appear short. | |
Topline |
Level. | |
Back |
Just short enough to square the body. | |
Croup |
Curves slightly to the set-on of the tail. | |
Chest |
Deep with good width. | |
Ribs |
Well sprung and carried well back to the loins. | |
Tail |
| Set-on low, short, fine and tapering, straight or screw and must not be carried above the horizontal. (Note : The preferred tail does not exceed in length more than one quarter the distance from set-on to hock). |
Limbs |
Forequarters |
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Generality |
Forelegs set moderately wide apart and on a line with the upper tip of the shoulder-blades; straight in bone. | |
Shoulders |
Sloping and well laid back, which allows for the Boston Terrier’s stylish movement. | |
Elbows |
Stand neither in nor out. | |
Pastern |
Short, strong. The dewclaws may be removed. | |
Forefeet |
Small, round and compact, turned neither in nor out, with well arched toes and short nails. | |
Hindquarters |
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Upper thigh |
Strong, well muscled, and set true. | |
Stifle |
Well bent. | |
Hock |
Short to the feet, turning neither in nor out, with a well defined hock joint. | |
Hind feet |
Small and compact with short nails. | |
Gait and movement |
| The gait of the Boston Terrier is that of a sure footed, straight gaited dog, forelegs and hind legs moving straight ahead in line with perfect rhythm, each step indicating grace and power. |
Coat |
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Hair |
Short, smooth, bright and fine in texture. | |
Colour |
Brindle, seal or black with white markings. Brindle is preferred only if all other qualities are equal. (Note : Seal defined : Seal appears black except it has a red cast when viewed in the sun or bright light). Required markings : White muzzle band, white blaze between the eyes, white forechest. Desired markings : White muzzle band, even white blaze between the eyes and over the head, white collar, white forechest, white on part or whole of forelegs and hind legs below the hocks. (Note : a representative specimen should not be penalized for not possessing « Desired Markings ».) A dog with a preponderance of white on the head or body must possess sufficient merit otherwise to counteract its deficiencies. |
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Size and weight |
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Weight |
Weight is divided by classes as follows : • under 15 pounds (6,8 kg), • 15 pounds and under 20 pounds (6,8 to 9 kg), • 20 pounds and not to exceed 25 pounds (9 to 11,35 kg). |
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Faults |
| • Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree and its effect upon the health and welfare of the dog and its ability to perform its traditional work. • Faults listed should be in degree of seriousness. |
General faults |
 Blocky or chunky in appearance. Pinched or wide nostrils. Eyes showing too much white or haw. Size of ears out of proportion to size of head. Gaily carried tail. Legs lacking in substance. Straight in stifle. Splay feet. Gait rolling, paddling or weaving; hackney gait. |
Serious faults |
| Wry mouth. Any showing of the tongue or teeth when the mouth is closed. Roach back or sway back. Ribcage slab-sided. Any crossing movement, either front or rear. |
Disqualifying faults |
| Aggresive or overly shy. Dudley nose. Eyes blue in colour or any trace of blue. Docked tail. Solid black, solid brindle, or solid seal without required white markings. Grey or liver colours. |
NB : |
| • Any dog clearly showing physical or behavioural abnormalities shall be disqualified. • The above mentioned faults when occurring to a highly marked degree or frequently are disqualifying. • Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fully descended into the scrotum. • Only functionally and clinically healthy dogs, with breed typical conformation should be used for breeding. |
Bibliography |
| http://www.fci.be/ |
Detailed history |
| The Boston Terrier is the first breed that the Americans have created. He descended from British fighting dogs selected by crossbreeding in the nineteenth century and is a distant cousin of Pit Bull who has recently made headlines, dog fighting elsewhere not approved by the American Kennel Club. In the second half of the nineteenth century, dog fighting was indeed very fashionable on both sides of the Atlantic, where they had replaced the fighting between dogs and bulls, banned by the British Parliament in 1835. Judged too heavy for these Circus games new way, the former Bulldog had been crossed with Terriers to get livelier and more nervous subjects. The most used burrow for this purpose was the White English Terrier, now almost 100 years old. Thus, about 1865, one of these subjects arrived at Boston, on the east coast of the United States, by the name of Judge. It was an animal of about fifteen kilos, holding more Bulldog than Terrier: solidly built but of rather removed proportions, it had ears "in shell" (that is to say, folded in the back of head), a crocheted tail and a dress of the color typical of the current Boston Terrier: dark brindle with a white flame in the head and a large white collar. It is Judge who is the ancestor of all Boston Terriers. It was crossed in 1870 with a dog named Gyp, resulting from a cross between a Bulldog and a Burrow, weighing about ten kilos, all white, very compact, with a short, square head and a straight tail. The result was Eph, who inherited the small size of his mother and the good construction of his father. Eph was a dark brindle male with big white marks. From the mating of Eph and Kate, a golden brindle female, weighing about 9 kg, with short head and right tail, was born in 1877 Tom, who is considered by all cynologists as the first " true "Boston Terrier. He was in any case one of the oldest subjects to possess the short tail "corkscrew", also called, in the jargon cynophilous, "comma", "croque" or "crocheted", which is characteristic of the race. This peculiarity began to shock his owner, Mr. Barnard, who even consulted a veterinarian to straighten the caudal appendage of his animal. This being naturally impossible, Barnard made up for it, and even tried to make it a fashion. Operation of diversion particularly successful, since this "defect" is today endorsed by the standard of the race. Tom's litter brother, Tobey, though less representative, is the other mainstay of the breed, thanks to his quality offspring. The descendants of Tom and Tobey were then crossed with each other. Tobey and a dog whose history did not retain the name were, in 1878, the first Bull Terriers to present themselves under this name in a dog show, the Massachusetts' Kennel Show. The original subjects formed a rather heterogeneous population: if they were all "round heads", some were rather heavy for their size, while others had a morphology of Terriers; there were long, short, straight, hooked tails, and the white marks of the dress varied considerably; there were even entirely white subjects. This did not, however, prevent thirty breeders and amateurs from the Boston area; the breeding of this type of dog was confined to the capital of Massachusetts and its environs; to found in 1889 an American Bull Terrier Club. In 1891 they asked the American Kennel Club, a local counterpart of the Central Canine Society and founded seven years earlier, to register their breed. It was to count without the determined opposition of the British, fierce supporters of the "real" Bull Terriers, who, at that time, did not yet have the "rugby ball" head so characteristic of the current subjects, but which were rather comparable at Staffordshire Bull Terrier today. Their request, probably undiplomatic, was rejected by the AKC. As pugnacious as their dogs, Boston Terriers were not defeated, and at the suggestion of journalist BW Lacy, they changed the name of their association to the Boston Terrier Club of America. A new application having been presented to the American Kennel Club, it was this time the breeders of English Bulldogs who protested, fearing that the newcomer would overshadow their race. The AKC, embarrassed, then demanded that, prior to its recognition, the Boston Terrier be raised in pure lineage for at least three generations, the Club created a private register proving that at least 75 dogs had a known minimum as old. Thus was born in 1893 the first official American race. The appearance of the Boston Terrier then evolved rapidly, with breeders choosing to select subjects with erect ears and symmetrical brindle spots, with a more typical Terrier morphology. At the same time, the Boston temperament was noticeably softened: a "must" for this dog that was originally intended for animal fights, and therefore had strong tendencies to aggression. Although the Americans are silent on this point, some European cynologists think that the Boston Terrier received, during its phase of improvement and fixation, an infusion of blood of French Bulldog, which he should in particular the shape of his head and its more civilized character than that of its distant ancestors. The choice of the ideal weight to be included in the standard was the occasion for a long and serious debate: on the one hand, some breeders were reporting the growing popularity of small dogs, on the other, there was a definite demand for animals of more impressive morphology, weighing more than 15 kilos. Finally, a compromise was reached, resulting in the current standard (from 5 to 11 kg). American subjects have always tended to be in the upper part of this range (and even dogs exceeding the maximum do not incur disqualification for this reason alone), while in Europe average (6 to 7 kg) which are the most appreciated. The Boston Terrier quickly became very popular across the Atlantic since, between 1905 and 1935, this "little American gentleman", as he was nicknamed there, both because of his good dispositions and his "dress" black and white, never went below second place on the list of the most registered breeds in the AKC. At the height of its glory, the Boston Terrier represented between 20 and 30 engagements, all categories combined, in American dog shows. Today, with 25,000 registrations a year, he is still one of the 25 most popular dogs on the other side of the Atlantic. Contrary to what might be implied by his family tree, the Boston Terrier is a very sociable dog with its congeners, including those of the same sex. The only "behavioral memories" he has kept of his Bulldogs ancestors are the courage he knows how to show if he is attacked by another dog, despite his light size, and the equality of exemplary character which he shows, because he is not a grouchy or easily irritable dog. Terriers, he has the playful side and facetious, who can wear it, sometimes, to perform "tricks" to amuse his world, without sharing their propensity to bark, even if he is naturally vigilant. In the United States, it is even considered a defense dog, especially since its weight, as we have already seen, is generally higher than on the old continent. But the Boston is more than a compromise between the dignity of the Bull and the liveliness of the Terrier. It has a set of features that make it one of the most suitable dogs for the pet dog function. He is proud and very dignified, extremely affectionate, and he constantly tries to please his masters, to whom he is devoted body and soul, which does not mean that he is invading. Alert and fast, it is not excessively stirring. Silent, however, he is attentive to everything that happens and will alert his entourage if an unusual or bizarre event occurs. Relatively calm, he is not the kind of apathetic. It is a remarkable companion for the children: his patience, his phlegm, his playful temperament allow him to do wonders in this role. The Boston Terrier is easily educated because he understands very quickly what is required of him. Certainly, it happens to be somewhat cabochard, but it is the same for all the intelligent dogs, who know instantly detect the small weaknesses of their master and take advantage of it. He always knows how far to go without hurting or tired. From a practical point of view, the Boston Terrier has many assets that make it an ideal companion in an apartment: its size, respectable, does not make it cumbersome; he is clean very young; no aesthetic operation is to be considered; her short, lustrous dress does not require any maintenance. Only his big black eyes, all full of tenderness, should be the object of small regular care because, being on the head, they are very exposed and therefore often fragile. Finally, it should be remembered that its flat face with shortened nasal passages may cause breathing difficulties. We will therefore avoid prolonged and intense efforts, as well as; lasting exposure to excessive heat. Yesterday ranked among pet dogs, the Boston Terrier is now ranked in the third group, that of Terriers, according to the criteria of the new nomenclature of dog breeds adopted by the International Cynological Federation in 1987 and implemented by the Society Canine plant in France since 1 January 1988. This decision is obviously not based on its origins or its usefulness, but on certain characteristics of its morphology. |
English (United Kingdom)