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English Setter |
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FCI standard Nº 2 |
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Origin |
Great Britain | |
Group |
Group 7 Pointing Dogs | |
Section |
Section 2.2 British and Irish Pointers and Setters, Setter | |
Working |
With working trial | |
Acceptance on a definitive basis by the FCI |
Wednesday 06 March 1963 | |
Publication of the official valid standard |
Tuesday 28 July 2009 | |
Last update |
Wednesday 28 October 2009 | |
En français, cette race se dit |
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Setter anglais |
Diese Norm ist in deutscher Sprache sichtbar |
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Englischer Setter |
En español, esta raza se dice |
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Setter inglés |
In het Nederlands, wordt dit ras gezegd |
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Engelse Setter |
Usage |
| Pointing dog. |
General appearance |
| Of medium height, clean in outline, elegant in appearance and movement. |
Behaviour / temperament |
| Very active with a keen game sense. Intensely friendly and good natured. |
Head |
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Cranial region |
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Head |
Carried high; long and reasonably lean. | |
Skull |
Oval from ear to ear, showing plenty of brain room; occipital protuberance well-defined. | |
Stop |
Well defined. | |
Facial region |
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Nose |
Colour of nose black or liver, according to colour of coat. Nostrils wide. | |
Muzzle |
Moderately deep and fairly square, from stop to point of nose should be equal to length of skull from occiput to eyes. | |
Lips |
Not too pendulous. | |
Jaws and teeth |
Jaws strong and of nearly equal length, with a perfect, regular and complete scissor bite, i.e. upper teeth closely overlapping the lower teeth and set square to the jaws. Full dentition desirable. | |
Eyes |
Bright, mild and expressive. Colour ranging between hazel and dark brown, the darker the better. In liver beltons only, a lighter eye acceptable. Eyes oval and not protruding. | |
Ears |
Moderate length, set on low, and hanging in neat folds close to cheek, tip velvety, upper part clothed in fine silky hair. | |
Neck |
| Rather long, muscular and lean, slightly arched at crest, and clean cut where it joins head, towards shoulder larger and very muscular, never throaty nor pendulous below throat, but elegant in appearance. |
Body |
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Body |
Moderate length. | |
Back |
Short and level. | |
Loin |
Wide, slightly arched, strong and muscular. | |
Chest |
Deep in brisket, very good depth and width between shoulder blades. Ribs good round, widely sprung and deep in back ribs, i.e. well ribbed up. | |
Tail |
| Set almost in line with back, medium length, not reaching below hock, neither curly nor ropy, slightly curved or scimitar-shaped but with no tendency to turn upwards : flag or feathers hanging in long pendant flakes. Feather commencing slightly below the root, and increasing in length towards middle, then gradually tapering towards end; hair long, bright, soft and silky, wavy but not curly. Lively and slashing in movement and carried in a plane not higher than level of back. |
Limbs |
Forequarters |
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Shoulders |
Well set back or oblique. | |
Elbows |
Well let down close to body. | |
Forearm |
Straight and very muscular with rounded bone. | |
Pastern |
Short, strong, round and straight. | |
Forefeet |
Well padded, tight, with close well arched toes protected by hair between them. | |
Hindquarters |
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Generality |
Legs well muscled including second thigh. Long from hip to hock. | |
Upper thigh |
Long. | |
Stifle |
Well bent. | |
Hock |
Inclining neither in nor out and well let down. | |
Hind feet |
Well padded, tight, with close well arched toes protected by hair between them. | |
Gait and movement |
| Free and graceful action, suggesting speed and endurance. Free movement of the hock showing powerful drive from hindquarters. Viewed from rear, hip, stifle and hock joints in line. Head naturally high. |
Coat |
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Hair |
From back of head in line with ears slightly wavy, not curly, long and silky, as is coat generally, breeches and forelegs nearly down to feet well feathered. | |
Colour |
Black and white (blue belton), orange and white (orange belton), lemon and white (lemon belton), liver and white (liver belton) or tricolour, that is blue belton and tan or liver belton and tan, those without heavy patches of colour on body but flecked (belton) all over preferred. NOTE OF THE STANDARD COMMITTEE :« Belton » is the customary term used for the description of the distinctive coat-ticking of the English Setter. Belton is a village in Northumberland. This expression has been created and spread out by the book about the English Setter written by Mr. Edward Lavarack, breeder who has had a preponderant influence upon the actual appearance of the breed. |
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Size and weight |
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Height at withers |
Dogs 65-68 cm (25,5-27 ins), bitches 61-65 cm (24-25,5 ins). | |
Faults |
| • Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree and its effect upon the health and welfare of the dog and its ability to perform its traditional work. • Faults listed should be in degree of seriousness. |
Disqualifying faults |
 Aggressive or overly shy. |
NB : |
| • Any dog clearly showing physical or behavioural abnormalities shall be disqualified. • The above mentioned faults when occurring to a highly marked degree or frequently are disqualifying. • Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fully descended into the scrotum. • Only functionally and clinically healthy dogs, with breed typical conformation should be used for breeding. |
Bibliography |
| http://www.fci.be/ |
Additional information from visitors |
| The modern English Setter breed was created in 1825 by a hunting enthusiast named Edward Laverack, who crossed a variety of old English spaniels, retrievers, mastiffs and setters with the intention of developing an all-around gundog, capable of both setting and retrieving a variety of game. From Laverack's stock and other working British hunting dogs, the English Setter evolved into a wonderful companion and worker that it is today. Easy to train, friendly and loving of children, this is an excellent family pet. However, some specimens can be prone to health issues, like blindness and skin allergies. Athletic, driven and very strong, the English Setter requires plenty of excercise and training. The coat is long, wavy and silky in texture, accepted in a variety of white-based colourings, usually with black, orange, yellow and liver markings. Average height is around 25 inches. |
Detailed history |
| The Setters, and the English Setter in particular, have ancestral Oyster Dogs or Sitting Dogs. On the other side of the Channel, hunting dogs of this type were called "Setting Spaniels", before the term "Setters" was imposed. These words could come from the verb ta set, in its sense of being put in place, or freezing. Set is the stop, in English. From any country, bird dogs, wading dogs, snares or guard dogs keep, and for a long time, the mystery surrounding their origin. No more than for our Spaniels, who were also Dogs of Oysels, it is impossible to say whether the Setters come from Spain or not. And the fact that the oldest British records of these dogs are after the hunting treaties of Gaston Phoebus and Henri de Ferrieres (published at the end of the 14th century) does not necessarily indicate that they are Spaniels of the continent. What we can understand, however, is the process that led to the birth of the retrievers. The starting point was probably falconry. To be able to garnish their game birds' table, the medieval lords had to resort to a dog endowed with particular qualities. Instead of using a Greyhound to make the birds fly away, the raptor was added to a dog that could find, thanks to its flair, the hidden game. But to take partridge companies, it was no longer the falcon that needed: a leaded net was more effective. The dog was then asked to take the lying down, as much to avoid that he was hurt by the weights weighing the net that not to be embarrassed by his presence at the launch of the latter. In addition to the passion for hunting and a strong sense of flair, such a dog had to show some skill in training, because he had to learn to leave the hair and stop while lying down. The dog was born. This receptivity to dressage is one of the oldest British Setter documents. In 1485, a notarial act informs us that a certain John Harris, against the sum of ten shillings of money, agreed to take a board and train, for a period of six months, a "Setting Spaniel". It is also known that in 1555, Robbey Dudley, Duke of Northumberland, had dogs lying down. Setters are also mentioned in the first treatises on dogs and hunting. Thus, Dr. Johannes Caius included them in his famous classification of dog breeds in the UK, in 1570. Hans Bols, in 1585, refers to its use in his book on hunting partridge. Over the centuries, many varieties of these Setters were selected. They were not, properly speaking, distinct, well-defined races, but lineages raised by or for the great aristocrats. We could mention a good dozen, distinguished by their dress and the length of their hair. There were the Setters of Norworth Castle and Feather Castle, with thick, white and brown hair, reputed to be descended from a very old family raised by the Earl of Carlisle. Those of Lord Lovat were black and white or tricolor, thus distinguishing themselves from the dogs of Lord Seafield and the Earl of Southesk, with a white coat with orange or yellow spots. As for Lord Ossulton's Setters, they were known for their all-black livery, like those of the Count of Tankerville, while those of Mr. Lord had white spots. Other famous Setter lines were bred by Earl of Derby and Earl Anson. There were even some whites in Wales, and others with extremely rich hair, called Russian Setters, although their Russian nationality was not proven. At the beginning of the nineteenth century, either because of excessive consanguinity or lack of selection, a certain number of these lines withered or were threatened with extinction. Without doubt, among those who managed to pass this difficult course, the cynophiles could have created several local breeds or regional Setters, as happened in the farnilleSpaniel. But in the case of the Setters, a certain Edward Laverack intervened. . The reputation of this breeder was so great that one could call the English Setter "Setter Laverack". Even better, this denomination has crossed the borders and is still used today (but it is often restricted to only English setters wearing a blue belton dress.) This phenomenon is rather surprising, because the English Setter existed well before Laverack - it has just been to see - and perfected himself well after him: that is what we are going to examine. For twenty years, from 1825 to 1845, Laverack searched for the best Setters, traveling all over the country. He also conducted many breeding trials, before settling on a very old lineage, saved by the Reverend A. Harrison, from whom he acquired two subjects, brother and sister: a male, Ponto, and a female, Old Moll. By pairing these two dogs and systematically resorting to close consanguinity, he created his own line (and not a breed), which became, after a decade of selection, very famous. During the first dog shows, which were invented around 1860 for the sole purpose of comparing the merits of the best dogs, Laverack won a number of first prizes. And when, five years later, the first work trials, the field-trials, were developed, he continued to truster the awards. Laverack accumulated more than thirty titles of champion, which is all the more considerable as the competitions were much less numerous than today. Such hegemony had a great impact, and its Setters were wresting for gold, far beyond the borders of Great Britain. Laverack was the first great breeder, and that is probably why his name was attached to the English Setter. But he never claimed to have created a new race. His book The Setters (1872) is explicit about this. He even admitted to having failed. The merits of Laverack are immense. Indeed, it is him who fixed the English Setter in its modern type, that is to say a dog of high nose and quêtant quickly. However, as a breeder, he could no longer advance his lineage, which was probably close to extinction. At the same time, the beauty and work competitions had multiplied and had created a tremendous emulation among breeders of Setters and other breeds (the Pointer had at the same time acquired a great reputation). Moreover, the hunting of the pointer evolved: practiced in a more and more sporting optics, with more and more powerful weapons, on a game becoming scarce, it required specialized dogs in a very large search and conducted very actively, with olfactory qualities related to this speed. Fortunately, another breeder, Purcell Llewelyn, would allow the English Setter to make another leap forward. His breeding, begun in 1869, took as base three Laverack subjects. Using other streams of blood without neglecting inbreeding, he managed to maintain the race at the top level. Finally, a third breeder worked in direct continuity with Llewelyn, when the latter ceased its activity in 1925: William Humphrey, who took over his breeding and made it last until 1964. As summarized by J.-M. Pilard, President of the French Race Club, "Laverack" set the English Setter, Llewelyn rescued him, Humphrey said. We are far enough from the Laverack myth. This trilogy of great breeders proves that the destiny of the races is not similar to that of great fortunes (the grandfather creates it, the father keeps it, the son spends it). It also appears that a race of utility is in perpetual evolution: if one wants to definitively fix it, it dies. The most curious, in the case of the English Setter, is that its standard is fixed, in some ways, on the model of the dog of the beginning of the century! But we will come back to it. It is certain, however, that to constantly want to be at the forefront of progress, a race can lose its identity and end up disappearing as inevitably as if it remains frozen. Thus, the English Setter, by conforming to the requirements of the races of speed that became the field-trials, could have become a long-haired Pointer. This danger does not date from yesterday, since, in an article published in 1889 in the magazine La Chasse Illustrée, Emile Frachon could write: "If I were allowed to make a reservation about the way in which are appreciated, in England and on the mainland, the qualities of the competitors, I would simply express regret at seeing speed become more and more important in the minds of judges and often eclipse other qualities of a more practical order. " . Some English Setters thus became higher on their legs at the same time as they lightened themselves, their ribcage grew heavier, their rich fur became poor, while the breed must be "close to the ground, dressed with magnificent silks. And shine by its endurance as well as its speed, that is to say, show a certain power. Of course, the race was not long in establishing itself in France, from 1880. Its start was certainly a little hesitant, partly because several names referred to it: Setter Laverack, but also, for a moment, English Spaniel. Its success coincided with the appearance of the first field trials in France. Indeed, it is an English Setter, Prieffet Prince Fred, belonging to Mr. Grassal, who won the first such contest, organized in 1887 by the central canine society in Esclimont in the Oise, facing, in particular, several competitors British (who could still go to France because there was no quarantine back in Britain). This success proves that the English dogs imported into our country were of excellent quality, and in the hands of connoisseurs, among whom we may mention the names of MM. Bellecroix, Gauthier, Mulard, Colombel; the best dogs were, notably, Royal Champion IV, Telamont, Sir Gilbert, Lord Tom, Royal Prince ... If the English Setter was so quickly and firmly implanted, it was because he was a dog at once brilliant, fast, spectacular, the "gentleman of the dogs", and likely to hunt on very varied grounds ; plain, wood, swamp, without fatigue or fear of vegetation or bad weather. However, the supporters of the old French breeds did not fail to criticize the English Setter (while using it to regenerate several breeds of Spaniels), like other British breeds (and especially the Pointer). Very early, it seems that French hunters regretted the first Setters, more massive, so less swift and more enduring, corresponding more to their habits. We did not approve of the high awards given to the short-haired Setters who appear to be Pointers dressed in Setters. The English Setter is no longer the Setter of the past, at least in its great majority, wrote Paul Mégnin in 1934. It is true that, at a certain moment, an unfortunate tendency to point the Setter developed: we saw heads with converging upper lines, more square shapes, dresses almost without fringes. This was due as much to crosses with the Pointer as to a genetic drift of the breed. In the meantime, English specialists had split into two camps. Some, taking as models the classic Setter, the one that had defined Laverack in his book, had opted for a type of exhibitions, of good size, with very developed fringes, with a marked preference for uniformly speckled dresses (or note that this exhibition Setter benefits from a grooming). The others, trusting only the teachings of the field-trials, made the race evolve towards a clearly lightened, sporty, full of influx, of average size. The French amateurs, faithful to the hunting vocation of the English Setter, stayed closer to this last category, while trying to preserve the characteristic power of the race (allowing its use in practical hunting). In France, there is only one type of English Setter, and this, thanks to a policy carried out with constancy and obstinacy by the various leaders of the French Club of the race: MM. Bordeau, Resnier, Guillaumin, Pilard. The spirit of the FCI standard, which is the translation of the English "beauty" standard, is respected, except in terms of measurements, where the French authorities recommend a size between 53 and 62 centimeters, whereas the ideal of the standard is between 61 and 58 centimeters. The partition of the race between two very different dogs, a dog very elegant but of a constitution not sporty and a dog excellent worker but with the model most often neglected, is, on the whole, avoided. It may be useful to outline the "setter mechanics", which does not appear explicitly from the text of the standard. This ideal dog construction underpins the breed's distinctive appearance and style, which distinguishes it from all other breeds. The English Setter must give the impression of a dog near the ground, with a body inscribed in a rectangle, of an animal in every respect solid, powerful, but by no means heavy. Its back is firm and horizontal, its thoracic cage very wide, in width (its perimeter, for a subject of 60 cm at the withers, must reach 75 cm) and in length (it is generally said depth). The kidney is very muscular, which makes it look almost as wide as it is long. But it is the conformation of the forearm that requires special attention: besides being heavily muscled, without being loaded, we find that the length of the arm is greater than that of the forearm. And that is what allows these grazing paces, called feline, peculiar to the race. As for the style of the English Setter, it can be summed up in three expressions, corresponding to three phases of the hunt. A smooth and grazing gallop in the quest, a serpentine look when it perceives the emanations, a feline casting which follows a spectacular stop. The English Setter is naturally a galler, but there is no trace of frenzy in him. His gallop, close to the ground, seems to be restrained, and the head is tense, revealing all the concentration of the animal in search of the emanation. As soon as he perceives the effluvium, he shaves the ground zigzagging, to locate it more precisely, and his pace stiffens as he gets closer to the game. Taking the judgment, he enters a second state, and, according to the consecrated expression, he "drinks" the emanation, he is hypnotized by it. Finally, after the hunter's order, he runs towards the prey, crawling with a really feline suppleness. That the English Setter is super efficient and truly versatile no longer needs to be proven, as his service record is praiseworthy, both in hunting and competitions. But this dog offers a "plus", by its way, its incomparable style that makes vibrate the least emotional, most jaded hunters. It is a little symbol of the hunting dog of the future, a picture that a parenthesis about the current design of the hunt may explain better. Hunting, in its most noble, has nothing to do with the traditional Sunday walk or with the final painting. Become a sport, and more an art, it is not its conclusion that matters, but the intense pleasure of the search for a wild game in a preserved environment. Then arises, rid of all accessories, the man's predatory instinct, expressed and magnified by the action of the dog. Pure and profound aesthetic emotion for the hunter. Of course, this feeling does not have so much to chance as to a real skill. To the knowledge of the game and hunting territories, it is necessary to join the ability to train a dog, that is to say, to understand and direct his instincts and his intelligence. |
English (United Kingdom)